Database management is a method of managing information that supports a business’s operations. It involves storing data, disseminating it to applications and users and editing it when needed as well as monitoring changes in data and protecting against data corruption due to unexpected failure. It is an element of a company’s total informational infrastructure that aids in decision-making, corporate growth and compliance with laws like the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.

In the 1960s, Charles Bachman and IBM along with other companies developed the first database systems. They evolved into information management systems (IMS), which allowed large amounts of data to be stored and retrieved for a range of reasons. From calculating inventory, to aiding complex financial accounting functions as well as human resource functions.

A database consists of a set of tables that are organized according to some scheme, such as one-to-many relationships. It uses primary keys to identify records and allows cross-references between tables. Each table has a set of fields, referred to as attributes, that represent facts about the entities that comprise the data. Relational models, created by E. F. “TedCodd Codd in the 1970s at IBM, are the most widely used type of database currently. This design is based on normalizing the data, making it easier to use. It is also simpler to update data because it does not require the changing of certain sections of the database.

Most DBMSs support various types of databases, by providing different levels of internal and external organization. The internal level is focused on costs, scalability and other operational issues, like the physical layout of the database. The external level is the way the database is presented in user interfaces and other applications. It could include a mix of different external views (based on the various data models) and may include virtual tables that are created using generic data to improve performance.

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